Sunday, March 4, 2012

解读乔治市密码


(槟城2日讯)将一天的乔治市走马看花变成3天深度旅游,文化遗产保护工作者林玉裳,建议州政府教游客读懂乔治市密码。
尽管乔治市在2008年获得了联合国世界文化遗产的桂冠,不过,很多前来游览世遗的游客,在用半天时间看过邱公司等几个重点古迹后,就匆匆离开世遗区,前往其它景点。一些慕名而来的游客甚至经常抱怨乔治市没东西看。
林玉裳说,之所以会发生游客主观性地认为乔治市没看头,是因为乔治市缺乏文化遗产导游,大部分游客都看不懂乔治市的人文历史密码。
她说,到世遗区的游客,大部分是自由行或者是从吉隆坡或其它旅游景点连接过来槟城的,他们的随团导游多缺少古迹历史及人文方面的知识,因此,一般只会把他们的游客带到邱公司、张弼士故居、康华丽堡等重点古迹,并不会带他们去看老街和街屋,更不可能跟他们介绍老街的历史和人文故事。
隐藏文化历史密码
林玉裳说,乔治市历史建筑物,从宗庙、会馆到民宅(店屋),从建筑物本身到装饰都隐藏着文化和历史密码。
她说,从建筑物外观设计,可以看出不同的年代,可以看出中华、印度、伊斯兰教、欧洲的影响及风格。
例如没有骑楼底(五脚基)的老屋,很可能就是19世纪20年代前兴建的,因为建筑物预留骑楼底是新加坡开埠者莱佛士于1822年时在新加坡颁布的指令。
她说,再深入细看,建筑物的气窗、门眉上的匾额、楹联、大门的雕花、屋顶、屋角可以看到的更多,里面诉说着主人的姓氏、行业、五行属性、文化及修养。
她说,通过门眉上的堂号,我们可以看出有关古迹主人的姓氏,屋子的山墙可以看出屋主的金、木、水、火、土五行属性。
她说,进一步深入则可以看到文化的东西,以华人的宗庙或民宅建筑来说,门窗等装饰都有很多故事。比如“五福临门”、“喜上眉梢”、“五福奉寿”、三国故事等。
她说,除了这些文化密码乔治市老厝,还有各族遗留下来的名人事迹和民间故事,会看的人甚至3天都看不完。
非物质文化遗产有吸引力
林玉裳也是槟城古迹信托会财政。她说,乔治市世遗区范围很大,古迹建筑物有4665间,其中大部分都是民宅(或称街屋或店屋),其最吸引人的地方也不是只有历史建筑物,更多的内涵是隐藏在里面的非物质的文化遗产部分。
她说,这个部分普通游客需要有人解说或者看过资料才看得懂。她认为,乔治市古迹区是一本厚厚的故事书,有来自世界五大文明在这里互相交汇蹦发出的火花,有不同民族的故事,更有影响世界历史事迹。
“如果没有人解说,可能游客走过打铁街,也不知道中国革命之父孙中山先生曾在这里运筹帷幄,改变中国历史。”因此她建议州政府设立一个古迹解说中心,教游客怎样看我们的古迹,特别是老屋。- 光华
相关照片

■ 有骑楼底的建筑一定是1822年后才兴建的。

■ 屋子或宗庙里的彩绘也有深厚的文化含意,这幅图是吉庆图。

■ 五只蝙蝠围绕着寿字吉祥图,说的是五福奉寿。

■ 大门上的花瓶雕刻,有着出入平安、四季平安的寓意。

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